The famous ancient Greek physician Hippocrates said: "We are what we eat! "In many respects, he is right, from this point of view it means the culture of food consumption, its usefulness or harm to the human body. Thus, some products are vital for the normal, comprehensive functioning of all organs and systems, while others, on the contrary, reduce the quality of life and cause serious diseases, such as pancreatitis. In this case, a proper balanced diet is the treatment that prevents possible relapses.
Pancreatitis is an inflammatory process that occurs in the pancreas. This organ plays an important role in the functioning of the digestive tract. Its main functions are the production of insulin, as well as the digestive enzymes needed to break down and digest nutrients:
trypsins for protein digestion;
lipases for fat processing;
lactase, maltase, amylase, invertase, which ensure the conversion of complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides.
Normally, pancreatic juice, saturated with enzymes, enters the duodenum through ducts, where the main stage of food digestion takes place. The pathology occurs when the secretion of the enzymatic fluid is too active, its amount becomes such that it cannot migrate physiologically "quickly" from the gland. Stagnation occurs, during which the digestive enzymes interact with the cells of the pancreas, causing them to die, promoting inflammation.
In most cases, pancreatitis is the result of excessive and regular consumption of alcohol, fatty and heavy food. Such a diet leads to the fact that the pancreas constantly works in an enhanced mode, producing an excess amount of enzymes, which have a toxic effect not only on the organ itself, but also on other life-supporting systems entering the systemic circulation.
The same reactions are possible with certain medications.
Another common cause of the disease is partial or complete obstruction of the pancreatic duct. It can be due to the formation of stones (in the case of gallstones), cyst formation, tumors, injuries, in rare cases - with a structural anomaly. Cases where the disease develops due to the parasitism of pathogenic microorganisms and other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract (cholecystitis, cholangitis, etc. ) are diagnosed less often.
General rules
There are two main forms of pathology: acute and chronic. In the first case, the symptoms are the most pronounced: severe pain on the left side, radiating to the forearm, frequent vomiting, hyperemia. An attack usually occurs after eating fried or spicy food or alcoholic beverages. In this case, urgent hospitalization and immediate treatment are necessary in order to stabilize the condition as soon as possible and avoid dangerous complications, such as pancreatic necrosis and multi-organ failure.
For the first 2-3 days after the attack, it is forbidden to eat any food in order to stop the production of enzymatic secretions. During this period, the body is fed by drip.
Drinking is allowed as desired, but in small portions. It is allowed to drink mineral or boiled water, weakly brewed tea, rosehip decoction. After the pain subsides, the patient gradually transitions to a normal diet. It is important not to overload the gland and give it time to recover, so the diet should be as gentle as possible. Food should be eaten in portions of no more than 150 g up to 6 times a day.
All dishes are prepared in liquid or semi-liquid form (broths, purées, porridges) by boiling or steaming and cooling to a warm temperature before serving. Gradually, the diet is expanded by adding more high-calorie and whole foods. Further nutrition in pancreatitis remains partial and sparing.
In chronic disease, the clinical picture is not so clear. The pathology, in this case, has already affected most of the glandular tissues, causing a serious disruption of the organ's activity, primarily in the complete production of enzymes. Persistent digestive disorders are observed: diarrhea, bloating, changed stools, but there is no pain. However, during an exacerbation, the symptoms intensify and are accompanied by severe pain.
Nutrition is adjusted based on the same principles as in acute pancreatitis. After three days of fasting, the patient switches to partial low-calorie food (protein - 60 g, fat - 50 g per day). This regimen is indicated for a period of 5-7 days. In addition, the nature of the food changes depending on the patient's condition. Priority is given to proteins, the amount of fat remains low. Liquid food is supplemented with viscous, finely chopped; Cooking by stewing or baking is allowed.
Daily salt intake should not exceed 6 g (for any pathology).
Why should you follow a diet with pancreatitis?
An acute attack of the disease is a serious damage to the health of the gland. Only in rare cases does the organ completely recover without any consequences. Usually, such disorders do not go away without a trace, especially if the person abuses strong drinks or eats poorly. The transition to the chronic form is a dangerous condition, full recovery will no longer be possible. In this case, the damaged gland is not able to produce the required amount of enzymes, and it is necessary to use medicinal analogues regularly (often throughout life).
Dietary nutrition in pancreatitis is mandatory. The main goal is to relieve the diseased organ, reduce hypersecretion and prevent re-exacerbation. Hard-to-digest, long-digested food, which requires greater production of pancreatic juice, is not included in the menu. The diet is selected in such a way as to ensure normal functioning of the pancreas and maximum restoration of damaged tissues.
Diet plays an important role in diabetes prevention. The gland contains special areas called islets of Langerhans, where a specific hormone, insulin, is produced. If inflammation affects these formations, the production of hormones decreases, which can eventually lead to the development of an endocrine disease. Poor nutrition is considered a predisposing factor in this case.
Pancreatitis products are allowed
When the symptoms subside, the patient is shown the diet chart no. 5 p. There are two options, basic and advanced. The first is prescribed for the chronic course of the pathology in the active phase and in the case of an acute attack. It is quite limited and mainly consists of easily digestible carbohydrates.
Enhanced nutrition in pancreatitis is the adjustment of the carbohydrate diet with the addition of protein products. Their daily amount in food is no more than 125 g. At the same time, the amount of fat consumed must not exceed 70 g. In addition, the amount of other nutrients necessary for health is taken into account:
vitamin A - 10 mg;
B group vitamins - from 2 to 10 mg;
vitamin C - up to 150 g;
calcium - 0. 8 g;
sodium - 3 g;
phosphorus - 1. 3 g;
magnesium - 0. 5 g;
iron - 0. 03 g.
All this shows that the daily menu should be not only healthy, but also varied due to the consumption of various permitted products.
Vegetables: potatoes, cucumbers, cauliflower, seaweed, green peas, pumpkin, zucchini, celery, carrots. There is a lot of controversy among nutritionists about the consumption of beets. Cooked root vegetables are known to be healthy, but their high betaine and sugar content raises questions about their safety as an anti-pancreatitis food.
Vegetables are eaten pureed, in the form of puree, as part of the first courses. Gradually, it is allowed to move to coarser grinding.
Fruits, berries: apples, pears, pomegranates, peaches, strawberries, raspberries. The products are baked (apples), steamed, or various delicacies are prepared from them (without sugar): preserves, jams, mousses, marshmallows, marmalade, jelly.
Meat (lean): turkey, chicken, rabbit, veal (fillet or tenderloin). The products can be eaten after the patient's condition is stabilized. Broths, pureed soups, steamed meatballs, quenelles, meatballs, souffles are made from them.
Fish: perch, pike, carp, perch, pike, pollack, cod, blue whiting. It is served boiled in pieces or processed into steamed minced meat.
Dairy products (low fat): milk, kefir, yogurt, cottage cheese, cream, yogurt. Fermented milk drinks are drunk a little during the day, porridge is boiled with milk, and cottage cheese is used for stews and puddings.
The cheese is worth mentioning separately. Only salted soft cheeses are allowed: feta cheese, suluguni, etc. When cooking, the products are added to the food to be chopped.
Grains: semolina, rice, buckwheat, oatmeal. Grains ground into flour are most suitable.
Pasta: any. Prepare according to the instructions, preference is given to small items.
Eggs: chicken, quail. They are eaten boiled (rubbed), soft-boiled (rarely) or as an omelette.
bread: wheat (yesterday), with bran, crackers, biscuits.
Oil: creamy (up to 30 g per day), vegetables (linseeds, olives, refined sunflowers) are added to the menu gradually.
Drinks: weak tea, compotes, diluted juices from non-acidic berries, fruits, non-carbonated mineral water.
All food is prepared just before the meal. It is forbidden to "bake" vegetable soup.
Products are fully or partially restricted
Unfortunately, a dangerous disease dictates its own strict rules, according to which the patient will have to live on. First of all, it concerns daily nutrition. To avoid possible relapses and worsening of the condition in the future, you will need to stop eating certain foods permanently. Of course, this is difficult to accept, but the price of malnutrition during pancreatitis is often the patient's life.
Dieting should not be treated as an ordeal. The number of things you can eat is not so small, and in all sections of the food table. In addition, if the patient feels well, the pancreatitis diet can be expanded to include foods not included in the basic diet (some seasonal vegetables, fruits, etc. ). Their use must be strictly limited, carefully monitoring the body's reaction. If there are any symptoms, even mild ones, that indicate a possible attack, the new food added to the diet is immediately removed.
The patient's diet does not include high-fat foods. First of all, it concerns meat (pork, lamb, duck, goose, offal). Any meat semi-finished products and sausages are also prohibited. The latter pose a particular potential danger, as they do not contain many chemical flavoring additives that irritate the entire digestive system. An exception is sausages or ham made from dietary poultry, which are sometimes consumed in small quantities.
Fatty sea and river fish (salmon, beluga, sturgeon, sterlet, etc. ), as well as caviar, rolls and sushi are not included. It is allowed to consume medium-fat fish dishes and seafood (no more than 2 times a week).
The diet menu does not include vegetables with coarse fiber, high acidity: white cabbage, radishes, beets, radishes, turnips, spinach, sorrel, corn, asparagus, eggplants. You should not serve pickled, marinated, salted vegetables, ginger, olives, dishes prepared with garlic and onions. The products must be heat treated before eating, they cannot be eaten raw. Sweet tomatoes can be used with caution in the diet if there are no signs of inflammation of the pancreas.
Fruits and berries contain a lot of acids, which increases the secretion of pancreatic fluid. Therefore, their use is undesirable, especially during the rehabilitation period after an attack. Citrus fruits, persimmons, melons, fresh berries and their juices are prohibited. Dried fruits are allowed in limited quantities.
The consumption of mushrooms and legumes is excluded. These products are a source of many vegetable proteins that help activate the pancreas. In addition, unwanted disorders of other organs of the digestive tract are possible: increased gas formation, constipation, which is especially problematic for people with pancreatitis.
Hard-to-digest cereal foods are prohibited: millet, barley, peas and pearl barley. The consistency of the finished cereal should be semi-liquid and viscous, it is not recommended to eat it in a brittle form.
Fatty milk, as well as its derivatives (cottage cheese, kefir, sour cream) are highly undesirable. Hard, salty, spicy cheeses and cheese products are prohibited.
When preparing food, you must not use any spices, serve factory sauces: mayonnaise, ketchup, mustard, etc. It is strictly forbidden to cook while baking. Fried food (including stewed vegetables for soups) is saturated with many carcinogens and other harmful substances that suppress the activity of the entire digestive tract. Regular consumption of such food can provoke a new attack. The same goes for any smoked meat or canned fish. Fish should not be placed in a small amount of water, because. . . thus, extractive substances are released, which require increased production of pancreatic juice.
It is forbidden to eat fresh bread, baked goods and sweets. Such food is a source of many carbohydrates that stimulate the activity of the diseased organ and increase the release of insulin. Together with cooking fat (margarine, etc. ), this is a serious load, which is unacceptable in case of pancreatitis. Therefore, you should also not eat cakes, pastries, ice cream, chocolate or honey.
Any alcohol, strong coffee, carbonated drinks, cocoa, green tea are strictly prohibited.
An example of a weekly menu for pancreatitis
Nutrition in the acute phase of pancreatitis is quite poor, but it is necessary to suppress inflammation. A 6-time meal plan is provided:
Breakfast. Soft porridge with water is preferable, in the absence of symptoms - with diluted milk. You can complement your meal with a piece of toasted bread spread with butter.
Lunch. This usually includes unfermented cottage cheese or cheesecakes, jelly and fruit puree.
Dinner. Light broths and vegetable soups are served as the first course. For the second course - meat or fish souffle, steamed meatballs with grain puree and vegetables.
Afternoon snack. Its composition is similar to the second snack.
Dinner. It is preferable that this dish is light but has enough protein. Boiled fish, meat pate with a side dish are suitable.
At night. Instead of food - a glass of low-fat kefir or yogurt.
Depending on the patient's condition, the daily menu is supplemented with other dishes from the list of permitted products.
monday
Pureed rice porridge, rosehip infusion.
Apple baked with dried apricots.
Chicken consomme with toast, fish souffle.
Kisielius, cookies.
Turkey meatballs, pumpkin and carrot puree.
Kefir.
tuesday
Buckwheat porridge, tea with milk.
Low-fat cottage cheese (100 g), apple mousse.
Vegetable puree soup, steamed veal dumplings.
Compote, a piece of soft, lightly salted cheese.
Boiled pike with potatoes.
Ryazhenka
on Wednesday
Oatmeal porridge in water with dried fruit.
Yogurt.
Rice soup with carrots, bread with cheese.
Fruit jam.
Cottage cheese casserole with pears, wheat bread.
Yogurt.
thursday
Steam omelette (white), sandwich with butter, tea.
Curd pudding.
Fish soup, rabbit souffle with carrot garnish.
Kefir, fruit jelly.
Steamed chicken cutlet with cauliflower puree.
Fermented milk.
friday
Steamed cheesecakes, rosehip drink.
Baked apple.
Pumpkin cream soup, turkey roll with vegetables.
Yogurt.
Boiled veal, carrot pudding.
Unsweetened tea.
saturday
Boiled egg white, kefir.
Fruit puree, cookies.
Homemade pasta with vegetable broth, turkey cutlet.
Curd.
Pasta with green peas, compote.
Varenets.
sunday
Semolina porridge with butter.
Apple mousse.
Chicken broth with potato balls, fish balls.
Vegetable puree.
Steamed turkey with a side dish of zucchini and carrots.
Milk (low fat).
Diet recipes
Rice porridge with pumpkin
You will need:
Broken round-grain rice - half a glass;
pumpkin - 300 g;
milk and a half with water - only 1 glass;
sugar - 1 teaspoon;
salt.
Cut the pumpkin, previously peeled and hollowed out, into pieces, boil in a small amount of water until soft, rub through a sieve. Another option is also possible: grate the vegetable and add it to the pan together with the rice.
Add the grains to the boiling diluted milk and cook for 15 minutes. Then pour pumpkin puree, sugar, add a little salt. Stir and keep on fire for another 2-3 minutes. It is better to eat the porridge after it has stood for 20-30 minutes.
Meat and cauliflower soup
Ingredients:
turkey or chicken fillet - 300 g;
fresh egg whites - 2 pcs. ;
potatoes - 3 pcs. ;
carrots - 1 pc. ;
cauliflower - 300 g;
water - 2-2. 5 l;
salt.
Make minced meat. Thoroughly knead the egg whites and form walnut-sized meatballs. Put the cabbage, previously cut into small florets, and the grated carrots into the boiling water. After 5 minutes, add potatoes cut into small cubes. When the vegetables are cooked, add the meatballs to the soup, add salt and mix. Let it simmer on low heat for 5-7 minutes.
If the disease worsens, you can prepare a milder cream soup. In this case, meatballs are not formed. Minced meat (without protein) is added to boiled vegetables, mixed, fried for 5-7 minutes, after which the contents of the pan are mashed with a blender. Pour the egg whites in a thin stream, stirring them into the soup.
Chicken souffle
Products:
chicken breast without skin - 500 g;
milk - 1 glass;
egg whites - 2 pcs. ;
vegetable oil (for greasing the forms);
salt.
Preheat the oven to 180°C. Pass the breast through a meat grinder twice, mix with egg whites and milk, add salt. Grind the minced meat with a blender until smooth. Grease a heatproof dish with oil and fill it with the meat mixture. Bake for 30 minutes without opening the oven.
Steamed fish cutlets
You will need:
white fish fillet (cod, pollack, perch) - 500 g;
whites from 2 eggs;
salt.
Grind the fish into minced meat, add salt, mix with egg whites and knead well until smooth. Form the meatballs. Put them on the grill, put them in a deep pot with boiling water and keep them over the steam until cooked (25-30 min. ). You can use a slow cooker for this.
Broccoli omelette
Ingredients:
raw proteins - 4 pcs (or 2 eggs);
broccoli - 200 g;
milk - 0. 5 glasses;
water;
salt;
oil for lubrication.
Wash the cabbage, cut it into pieces, cover and cook for 10 minutes. Beat the whites (eggs) with milk and salt until foamy. Put the cooked vegetables in a fireproof pan, greased with oil, pour the egg-milk mixture and put it in an oven heated to 180 °C. Bake for 10 minutes. In acute cases of the disease, cabbage florets are crushed into pulp.
For children
The disease is rarely diagnosed in childhood. However, an acute attack is possible if the child abuses narcotic substances, has previously experienced severe viral infections, abdominal trauma, or long-term medical treatment (hormones, tetracyclines) has been used. The disease often occurs together with other pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, such as gastritis. In this case, diet therapy should be carried out taking into account the nature of the underlying disease.
Nutrition for pancreatitis in children is the same as for adults and is carried out according to a similar scheme: in the first week - a strict, mildest menu, then the weekly table is gradually diversified, taking into account good digestibility and without interfering. symptoms.
It is important to remember that a growing child's body needs the right amount of nutrients, including fats. Therefore, in order not to overload the gland, the child receives the required dose of enzymes artificially, i. e. i. e. with the help of medication.
The daily menu must necessarily consist of vegetables, fruits (they can be eaten fresh in the remission stage, but carefully), fermented milk products, liquid, viscous porridges, soups, as well as cooked lean meat and fish. A strict diet should be followed for a month after an attack, an extended one for at least 5 years, and with a chronic form of the disease, the nutritional table should be followed for life.
For pregnant women
Pancreatitis in women during pregnancy can be aggravated by the use of certain vitamin complexes or due to the internal pressure exerted on the gland by an enlarged uterus. Pancreatitis nutrition in this case should be dietary, but taking into account all the nutritional needs necessary for the full development of the fetus.
Advantages and disadvantages
Adherence to the diet is the key to the health of not only the pancreas, but also the entire digestive system. Such a diet is balanced, healthy, easier and more fully digested. In addition, despite the restrictions, the diet is quite diverse and allows you to combine different foods in meals, thus providing a wide, nutritious table. But it takes time to get used to this diet. For many patients, this is not so much a consumer problem as a psychological obstacle, as they will have to give up many familiar "tasty" products. But it is necessary to maintain the possibility of a normal life.
Comments from nutritionists
Treatment of pancreatitis with the help of diet is primarily aimed at maximum discharge of the affected gland. It is important to stop excessive production of enzymatic secretions. However, according to nutritionists, from time to time the digestive organs need to be given complete rest. During this period, the affected organ is most prone to regeneration, it "sleeps" non-functionally.
For this purpose, therapeutic fasting (complete refusal of food) is performed. Most often, this regime is observed for 24 hours, but can be increased if the patient feels well and is under the care of a doctor. Long-term abstinence from food (more than 7 days) requires hospitalization.
A milder option is fasting days. Nutritionists recommend eating them at least once a week. One is chosen from the list of permitted dishes, for example, porridge or vegetable puree. It is prepared in such quantities that it can be divided into several dishes. Other products are not used.
Feedback and results
Only with strict adherence to the rules of the treatment table can stable positive dynamics of remission be observed.
Any, even a small, violation of the diet can negate all the efforts made earlier, provoking a new stage of the disease. How it may turn out for the patient, no doctor will tell in advance, but in any case, the consequences will be the most disappointing. Reviews of patients with pancreatitis only confirm this. This is why proper nutrition is so important. The main thing is to make it easier, to study your body and understand what is well tolerated and what is not. A great motivation in this matter is the strong support of loved ones.
Price
The price of a weekly dietary food basket ranges from 20 to 40 dollars on average.